Chapter One - Lists

Question

Chapter 1: (C) LISTS

Answer

(13) List two examples of Acts of Parliament (Primary Legislation) that you have studied.

For example:

Human Rights Act 1998
European Communities Act 1972

(14) List three influences on parliamentary law-making.

For example:

Pressure groups
Reports by law reform bodies
European Community Law reforms (such as Directives that require implementation)

See AS Level Law at pp 10-15 and Fig 1.1 for further examples.

(15) List and briefly explain the five stages a Bill must go through in each of the Houses of Parliament (ie, the Commons and Lords) prior to it becoming an Act of Parliament.

First Reading (formality; Bill introduced to Parliament)
Second Reading (Minister explains the Bill; principles of the Bill are debated and formal vote taken, where necessary)
Committee Stage (Standing Committee discusses and amends the Bill)
Report Stage (amendments by the Committee are reported back to Parliament)
Third Reading (final debate and approval given for Bill to progress to next House, or where that has occurred, to gain Royal Assent).

(16) List two rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights, as incorporated into English Law by the Human Rights Act 1998.

Two from:

right to life (Art 2)
prohibition of torture (Art 3)
prohibition of slavery and forced labour (Art 4)
right to liberty and security (Art 5)
right to a fair trial (Art 6)
right to respect for a family life (Art 8)
freedom of thought, religion, etc (Art 9)
freedom of expression (Art 10)
freedom of assembly (Art 11)
right to marry (Art 12)
prohibition of discrimination (Art 14)

(17) List three statements that describe the concept of parliamentary sovereignty.

For example:

Supremacy of parliamentary law (ie, legislation) over other forms of law
Parliament can make any laws it wants (subject to doctrine of implied repeal)
Acts of Parliament cannot be disregarded by judges in the courts
See AS Level Law at p 22.