Routledge

About the Lawcards Series

Contract Lawcards

1) Agreement;

  • greement
  • Unilateral and bilateral agreements
  • Offer
  • Invitation to treat
  • Display of goods
  • Advertisements
  • Auctions
  • Tenders
  • Termination of offer
  • Acceptance
  • The Postal rule
  • Electronic communication

2) Consideration;

  • Definition of consideration
  • Types of consideration
  • Performing an existing duty
  • Exceptions – Implications of Williams v Roffey Bros
  • Part payment of debts – Pinnel’s Case
  • Promissory Estoppel
  • Intention to be legally bound

3) Contents of a Contract;

  • Distinction between terms and representations
  • Identification of express terms
  • Parol evidence rule
  • Identification of implied terms
  • Implied terms of fact
  • Terms implied in law
  • Classification of terms
  • Conditions
  • Warranties
  • Innominate terms

4) Exemption (Exclusion or Limitation) Clauses;

  • Incorporation
  • Unfair Contract Terms Act (UCTA) 1977
  • Reasonableness test
  • Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999
  • Unfairness

5) Vitiating Elements which Render a Contract Voidable;

  • Rescission
  • Bars to rescission
  • Misrepresentation – requirements
  • Remedies for misrepresentation
  • Damages for misrepresentation
  • Duress
  • Economic duress
  • Remedies for duress
  • Undue influence
  • Effect of undue influence on a third party

6) Mistake;

  • Effect of mistake
  • Common mistakes
  • Mutual and unilateral mistakes
  • Mutual mistakes concerning the identity of the subject matter
  • Unilateral mistake concerning the terms of the contract
  • Unilateral mistake as to the identity of other parties to the contract
  • Mistake in equity
  • Refusal of specific performance

7) Illegality and Capacity;

  • Illegality
  • Effects of illegality
  • Exceptions
  • Contracts in restraint of trade
  • Restraints on employees
  • Restraints on the vendor of a business
  • Exclusive dealing agreements
  • Effect of restraint
  • Capacity
  • Minors
  • Restraints on the vendor of a business

8) Discharge;

  • Performance
  • Agreement
  • Breach
  • Anticipatory breach
  • Frustration
  • Limits to the doctrine of frustration
  • Effect of frustration

9) Remedies for Breach of Contract and restitution;

  • Methods of compensating the claimant
  • Quantification of damages
  • Remoteness of damage
  • Application of the remoteness rules
  • Type of loss recognised – pecuniary/non-pecuniary
  • Causation
  • Liquidated damages
  • Equitable remedies

10) Privity of Contract;

  • Doctrine of privity
  • Statutory exceptions
  • Agency
  • Attempts to allow the promisee to enforce the contract on behalf of the third party
  • Damages
  • Attempts to impose obligations on third parties