About the Lawcards Series
Land Lawcards Checklist
Chapter 1: Fundamental concepts
- Definitions of Land
- Concept of Property
- Test for fixture or chattel
- Concept of tenure and estates
- Concept of rights, estates and interests
- Concept of notice
- Concept of fee simple absolute in possession
- Requirements for a valid contract for sale
- Requirements for a valid conveyance of land
Chapter 2: Conveying title to land with unregistered title
- Legal and equitable interests in unregistered land
- Overreaching beneficial interests in unregistered land
- Registration of Land Charges
- Land Charges Register
- Residual interests
Chapter 3: Transferring title to land with registered title
- Conveyancing process
- Principles underlying registered land
- Property, Proprietorship and Charges register
- Interests in registered land
- Registrable interests
- Classes of title
- Minor interests: methods of protection
- Overriding interests
- Alteration and indemnity of the register
Chapter 4: Adverse possession and boundaries
- Factual possession
- Animus possidendi
- Adverse possession of land with registered title before 13 October 2003
- Adverse possession of land with registered title after 12 October 2003
- Adverse possession and leasehold land
- Boundaries
- Party Wall etc Act 1996
Chapter 5: Trusts of land
- Express trusts
- Statutory trusts
- Implied trusts
- Trusts of land pre-1997
- Trusts of land post-1996
- Powers of the trustees
- Beneficial interests
- Beneficial tenancy in common
- Severance
- Rights of the beneficiaries
- Sale of the trust land
- Termination of a trust of land
Chapter 6: Resulting trusts, constructive trusts, proprietary estoppel and licences
- Resulting trusts
- Constructive trusts
- Overreaching an interest in land subject to resulting or constructive trusts
- Proprietary estoppel
- Comparison of rights
- Licences
Chapter 7: Leases
- Concept of a lease
- Creation of leases and formalities
- Protection of a lease
- Essential requirements of a lease
- Lease/licence distinction
- Social housing
- Leasehold covenants
- Enforcement of covenants pre-1 January 1996
- Enforcement of covenants post-31 December 1995
- Landlord’s remedies for breach of covenant
- Tenant’s remedies for breach of covenant
- Methods of terminating leases
Chapter 8: Mortgages
- Creation of legal mortgages
- Creation of equitable mortgages
- Equity of redemption
- Undue influence and misrepresentation
- Remedies of the mortgagee
- Protection of mortgages
Chapter 9: Easements and profits a prendre
- Definition of an easement
- Characteristics of an easement
- Examples of common easements
- Creating an easement by grant
- Implied grant of necessity
- The rule in Wheeldon v Burrows [1879]
- Law of Property Act 1925, section 62
- Prescription
- Reservation of easements
- Protection of easements
- Alteration and extinguishment of easements
Chapter 10: Freehold covenants
- Definition of a freehold covenant
- Original parties
- Running the benefit of covenants at law
- Running the benefit of a covenant in equity
- Running the burden of a covenant at law
- Running the burden of a covenant in equity
- Positive covenants
- Discharge and modification of covenants
- Remedies for breach of covenant